Paleoproteomics is a rapidly growing field with numerous challenges, many of which are due to the highly fragmented, modified, and degraded nature of ancient proteins. Though there are established standards for analysis, it is unclear how different software tools affect the identification and quantification of peptides, proteins, and post-translational modifications. To address this knowledge gap, Rodriguez Palomo et al. design a controlled system by experimentally degrading and purifying bovine beta-lactoglobulin, and then systematically compare the performance of many commonly used tools in its analysis.

They present comprehensive investigations of false discovery rates, open and narrow searches, de novo sequencing coverage bias and accuracy, and peptide chemical properties and bias. In each investigation, they explore wide ranges of appropriate tools and parameters, providing guidelines and recommendations for best practices. Based on their findings, Rodriguez Palomo et al. develop a proposed pipeline that is tailored for the analysis of ancient proteins. This pipeline is an important contribution to paleoproteomics and is likely to be of great value to the research community, as it is designed to enhance power, accuracy, and consistency in studies of ancient proteins.

References

Ismael Rodriguez-Palomo, Bharath Nair, Yun Chiang, Joannes Dekker, Benjamin Dartigues, Meaghan Mackie, Miranda Evans, Ruairidh Macleod, Jesper V. Olsen, Matthew J. Collins (2023) Benchmarking the identification of a single degraded protein to explore optimal search strategies for ancient proteins. bioRxiv, ver.3 peer-reviewed and recommended by PCI Math Comp Biol https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.15.571577